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Large-scale ecological operation research and practice

2022-07-22

DENG Mingjiang, HUANG Qiang, CHANG Jianxia, HUANG Shengzhi


Abstract: This study summarizes the progress, trend and developmental characteristics of ecological operation and restoration, and suggests that reservoir operations have changed from a simple operational process embedded the "ecological target" to a comprehensive operational process of large-scale ecological operation in the "post-dam era", which incorporates the basin scale (large spatial scale), long-term series(large tem-poral scale), and water cycle(large system). Furthermore, it is pointed out that ecological operation is one of the most effective methods for ecological restoration and protection, and proposed the key challenges of the ecological operation in inland river basins in arid regions. The large-scale ecological operation is demonstrated for the ecological operations of the Tarim River and the Irtysh River, which are based on more than 20-year dynamic monitoring and management to comprehensively evaluate the ecological restoration and the strategies of ecological operation and protection. Results show that, ① ecological restoration is a slow-changing process that requires long-term monitoring of surface water, groundwater, vegetation response, habitat conditions, biodiversity, etc., to grasp its dynamics and to adopt more effective regulatory measures. ② Although the ecological conditions of the downstream of the Tarim River has been restored, there has been no fundamental mitigation the vulnerability of ecosystem. For improving the effectives of the ecological operation, this study proposed the method of "groove seepage irrigation" and "seepage irrigation" to further extend the scope of the affected areas while implementing the double channel and the surface water transmission. This method establishes the platform of ecological operation and restoration based on groundwater level regulation and the concept of "underground ecological water bank" for rapidly replenishing groundwater. ③ This study also established the multi-scale coupling technology of ecological operation and scientific,systematic,and institutionalized management system of the Irtysh River,which change the extensive management of traditional ecological operation (e.g. flood irrigation) and prompt the development of ecological water operation.

Keywords: ecological operation; ecological restoration; underground ecological water bank; ditch branch irrigation; catchwork irrigation; ecological monitoring

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